SRF04 Просмотр технического описания (PDF) - Unspecified

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SRF04

Ultra-Sonic Ranger

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SRF04 Technical Documentation

10/22/12 5:35 AM

The circuit is designed to be low cost. It uses a PIC12C508 to perform the control functions and standard

40khz piezo transducers. The drive to the transmitting transducer could be simplest driven directly from the

PIC. The 5v drive can give a useful range for large objects, but can be problematic detecting smaller objects.

The transducer can handle 20v of drive, so I decided to get up close to this level. A MAX232 IC, usually used

for RS232 communication makes and ideal driver, providing about 16v of drive.

The receiver is a classic two stage op-amp circuit. The input capacitor C8 blocks some residual DC which

always seems to be present. Each gain stage is set to 24 for a total gain of 576-ish. This is close the 25

maximum gain available using the LM1458. The gain bandwidth product for the LM1458 is 1Mhz. The

maximum gain at 40khz is 1000000/40000 = 25. The output of the amplifier is fed into an LM311

comparator. A small amount of positive feedback provides some hysterisis to give a clean stable output.

The problem of getting operation down to 1-2cm is that the receiver will pick up direct coupling from the

transmitter, which is right next to it. To make matters worse the piezo transducer is a mechanical object that

keeps resonating some time after the drive has been removed. Up to 1mS depending on when you decide it

has stopped. It is much harder to tell the difference between this direct coupled ringing and a returning echo,

which is why many designs, including the Polaroid module, simply blank out this period. Looking at the

returning echo on an oscilloscope shows that it is much larger in magnitude at close quarters than the cross-

coupled signal. I therefore adjust the detection threshold during this time so that only the echo is detectable.

The 100n capacitor C10 is charged to about –6v during the burst. This discharges quite quickly through the

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