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XRT91L33

STS-12/STS-3 MULTIRATE CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY UNIT

Exar Corporation 

XRT91L33

STS-12/STS-3 MULTIRATE CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY UNIT

REV. V1.0.0

2.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The XRT91L33 CDR is designed to operate with a SONET Framer/ASIC device and provide a high-speed

serial clock and data recovery interface to optical networks. The CDR receives a differential NRZ serial bit

stream running at STS-12/STM-4 or STS-3/STM-1 and generates recovered serial clock and data via

differential LVDS/LVPECL drivers.

2.1 Reference Clock Input

The XRT91L33 accepts a 19.44 MHz LVTTL clock input at REFCK. The REFCK should be generated from a

source that has a frequency accuracy better than ±100ppm in order for the CDR Loss of Lock detector to have

the necessary accuracy required for SONET systems.

2.2 Receive Clock and Data Recovery

The clock and data recovery (CDR) unit accepts the high-speed NRZ serial data from the Differential receiver

and generates a clock that is the same frequency as the incoming data. The clock recovery block utilizes the

reference clock from REFCK to train and monitor its clock recovery PLL. Upon startup, the PLL locks to the

local reference clock. Once this is achieved, the PLL then attempts to lock onto the incoming receive serial

data stream. Whenever the recovered clock frequency deviates from the local reference clock frequency by

more than approximately ±500ppm, the clock recovery PLL will switch to the local reference clock, declare a

Loss of Lock and output a LOW level signal on the LOCK output pin. Whenever a Loss of Lock (LOL) or a

Loss of Signal (LOS) event occurs, the CDR will continue to supply a receive clock (based on the local

reference).

2.3 External Receive Loop Filter Capacitor

For STS12/STM4 and STS3/STM1 operation, the XRT91L33 uses a 1.0uF (or greater) external loop filter

capacitor to achieve the required receiver jitter performance. It must be well isolated to prohibit noise entering

the CDR block and should be placed as close to the pins as possible. The non-polarized capacitor should be of

±10% tolerance. Use type X7R or X5R capacitors for improved stability over temperature.

2.4 STS-12/STM-4 and STS-3/STM-1 Mode of Operation

The VCO output signal is fed into a programmable frequency divider allowing to properly set the PLL operating

frequency corresponding to the desired data rate. For 622.08 Mbps signal STS12_MODE is set HIGH and for

155.52 Mbps, STS12_MODE is set LOW.

2.5 Signal Detection

XRT91L33 has two control pins that are used to indicate an LOS condition (Loss Of Signal). The SIGD pin is a

LVPECL input and the LCKTOREFN pin is a LVTTL input. They are internally connected as shown in Figure 3.

If either of these two inputs goes LOW and TEST is LOW, XRT91L33 will enter a Loss of Signal (LOS) state,

and will mute the RXDOP/N. During the LOS state, XRT91L33 will also maintain RXCLKOP/N within ±500ppm

of the input reference clock, REFCK. Most optical modules have an SIGD output. This SIGD output indicates

that there is sufficient optical power and is typically active HIGH. If the SIGD output on the optical module is

LVPECL, it should be connected directly to the SIGD input of XRT91L33, and the LCKTOREFN input should

be tied HIGH. If the SIGD output is LVTTL, it should be connected directly to the LCKTOREFN input and the

SIGD input should be tied HIGH. The SIGD and LCKTOREFN inputs also can be used for other applications

when it is required to hold RXCLKOP/N output within ±500ppm of the input reference clock and mute the serial

data output lines.

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