LTC1627 Просмотр технического описания (PDF) - Linear Technology

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LTC1627

Monolithic Synchronous Step-Down Switching Regulator

Linear Technology 

LTC1627

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Auxiliary Winding Control Using SYNC/FCB Pin

The SYNC/FCB pin can be used as a secondary feedback

input to provide a means of regulating a flyback winding

output. When this pin drops below its ground referenced

0.8V threshold, continuous mode operation is forced. In

continuous mode, the main and synchronous MOSFETs

are switched continuously regardless of the load on the

main output.

Synchronous switching removes the normal limitation

that power must be drawn from the inductor primary

winding in order to extract power from auxiliary windings.

With continuous synchronous operation power can be

drawn from the auxiliary windings without regard to the

primary output load.

The secondary output voltage is set by the turns ratio of the

transformer in conjunction with a pair of external resistors

returned to the SYNC/FCB pin as shown in Figure 6. The

secondary regulated voltage VSEC in Figure 6 is given by:

( )( ) VSEC ≅

N+1

VOUT

−

VDIODE

>

0.8V



1+

R4

R3

where N is the turns ratio of the transformer, VOUT is the

main output voltage sensed by VFB and VDIODE is the

voltage drop across the Schottky diode.

R4

SYNC/FCB

LTC1627

R3

L1

1:N

SW

VSEC

+

1µF

VOUT

+

COUT

1627 F06

Figure 6. Secondary Output Loop Connection

Efficiency Considerations

The efficiency of a switching regulator is equal to the

output power divided by the input power times 100%. It is

often useful to analyze individual losses to determine what

is limiting the efficiency and which change would produce

the most improvement. Efficiency can be expressed as:

Efficiency = 100% – (L1 + L2 + L3 + ...)

where L1, L2, etc. are the individual losses as a percentage

of input power.

Although all dissipative elements in the circuit produce

losses, two main sources usually account for most of the

losses in LTC1627 circuits: VIN quiescent current and I2R

losses.

1. The VIN quiescent current is due to two components:

the DC bias current as given in the electrical character-

istics and the internal main switch and synchronous

switch gate charge currents. The gate charge current

results from switching the gate capacitance of the

internal power MOSFET switches. Each time the gate is

switched from high to low to high again, a packet of

charge dQ moves from VIN to ground. The resulting

dQ/dt is the current out of VIN that is typically larger

than the DC bias current. In continuous mode, IGATECHG

= f(QT + QB) where QT and QB are the gate charges of

the internal top and bottom switches. Both the DC bias

and gate charge losses are proportional to VIN and thus

their effects will be more pronounced at higher supply

voltages.

2. I2R losses are calculated from the resistances of the

internal switches RSW and external inductor RL. In

continuous mode the average output current flowing

through inductor L is “chopped” between the main

switch and the synchronous switch. Thus, the series

resistance looking into SW pin from L is a function of

both top and bottom MOSFET RDS(ON) and the duty

cycle (DC) as follows:

RSW = (RDS(ON)TOP)(DC) + (RDS(ON)BOT)(1 – DC)

The RDS(ON) for both the top and bottom MOSFETs can

be obtained from the Typical Performance Characteris-

tics curves. Thus, to obtain I2R losses, simply add RSW

to RL and multiply by the square of the average output

current.

Other losses including CIN and COUT ESR dissipative losses,

MOSFET switching losses and inductor core losses generally

account for less than 2% total additional loss.

10

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